West Sea
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SCIENTIFIC &
MEDICAL
Catalog Page 9
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9.17 EARLY “TOOTH KEY.”
Genuine mid-19th century or earlier dentist’s
tool. This fearsome apparatus consists of a
hand-wrought iron shaft with a pivoting two-pronged hook on
the end. It is firmly attached to a turned whalebone
handle affixed with a screw through the middle. In
practice the hook was placed over a hapless patient’s
ailing tooth then twisted, extracting it! 6 inches
long. The bone handle is 3 ½ inches wide.
Good, sound original condition, noting surface rust with a
brown patina on all metal parts.
279
In the 19th century and earlier a barber typically
performed the duties of a dentist. Sadly, tooth
extraction was the accepted “remedy” for
virtually any dental problem.
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9.16 MICROSCOPE. Late 19th
century presentation microscope by Carl Zeiss, Jena, with
the engraved inscription on the tube, “– Glasgow
University – Anatomy Class Summer 1891 – J.D.O.
Wilson –.” The tri-footed base is further
signed by the retailer on the back “J. BROWN 76 ST.
Vincent St., Glasgow.” This all brass instrument
with original blackened and gray finishes has two
interchangeable eye pieces and two objectives. The
objectives are marked “A” and “B”
respectively and are signed “C. Zeiss.”
Each fits into its individual threaded brass canister with
similar markings. The microscope stage revolves,
providing 4 different apertures. Course focusing is
easily accomplished by adjusting the tube height within the
sleeve. Fine focusing is done by means of the large
knurled knob on the pillar. There are 2 spring-loaded
clips for holding a slide and the microscope tips on its
axis to adjust to the observer’s eye. Below the
stage is a double sided pivoting mirror with plano and
concave mirrors. The entire instrument fits neatly
into its hand-dovetailed mahogany box with hinged door,
original lock and skeleton key. There is a
provision for a condenser on stand which is no longer
present. A folding brass handle is provided on top for
carrying. The box measures 11 ½ inches tall by 7
½ inches wide and 6 inches deep. The instrument
itself stands approximately 11 inches tall when
focused. A nice dated instrument by one of the world’s
premier makers.
795
Carl Zeiss founded an optical company in Jena, Thuringia,
Germany in 1856. The company was among the most
renowned of lens manufacturers, which during its long
history supplied many camera, telescope, microscope and
binocular makers with fine lenses, while producing a quality
line of its own manufacture.
Zeiss produced microscopes, binoculars and refractometers
(an optical instrument to measure the index of refraction of
optical glass, developed by Zeiss' partner, Ernst Abbe).
After Carl Zeiss died in 1888 Abbe founded the Zeiss
Foundation and built up its photographic optics division,
which produced some of the finest classic cameras ever made.
In 1909 the camera making division was merged into the
ICA group which later became part of Zeiss Ikon until the
company’s ultimate demise in 1972.
Jena is a city in central East Germany with roots in the
Middle Ages.
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CASE
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OPEN
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INSIDE BOX
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FRONT
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OBJECTIVE
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INSCRIPTION
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RETAILER
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9.15 THERMOMETER.
Precision 19th century American dial thermometer
marked on the dial “FAHRENHEIT “TRIUMPH”
WARRANTED ACCURATE.” The white enameled dial
swept by a blued steel hand with crescent moon tail reads
the incredible range from - 45 to 155 in single
degrees! The solid brass case retains its original old
wavy glass crystal. The back is equipped with a
folding ring for suspension and two “feet” which
allow the thermometer to stand off from the wall on which it
is hangs. This allows for an accurate ambient
temperature reading provided by numerous small
perforations. 6 inches in diameter and 2 inches
thick. Outstanding original condition with a nice
patina to the brass. Still accurate after 120+
years!
195
This thermometer is most certainly the output of the
Standard Thermometer Company of Peabody, Massachusetts which
patented this type of thermometer on December 28, 1886.
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9.14 EARLY POCKET SUNDIAL.
Genuine, middle of the 18th century German traveler’s
sundial known as an Augsburg dial,
after the region in Germany which produced them from the
1650’s onward. This diminutive example is
attributed to Johann Georg or his brother Andreas
Vogler. It is of all brass, entirely hand-made with
profuse decorative and informative engraving on all
surfaces. It consists of a fixed pin gnomon in
the center of the hour scale beginning with “III”
on the lower left, “XII” noon at the top and “IX”
in the evening on the lower right. A folding inverse
degree scale, marked from 0 - 90 on the user’s left
allows for adjusting the degrees of latitude for the
location. To these ends, the Latitudes of prominent
cities in Europe are engraved on the bottom (“Lisbon
39, Rom 42, Vened 45, Prag 50” etc.) To align
the instrument properly for a sighting a compass, protected
by the original old wavy glass is recessed in the
dial. A small iron arrow with early form brass pivot
points to magnetic North. The silvered compass rose is
marked with the cardinal points “N, S, O and W.”
Interestingly a line with an arrow indicates the magnetic
deviation from true North at the time the instrument was
made. 2 by 2 inches and ½ inch thick.
Outstanding original condition in all respects. Truly
remarkable for an instrument well over two and a half
centuries old!
1195
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CLOSED
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OPEN
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USERS VIEW
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DETAIL
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BOTTOM
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9.13 POCKET COMPASS. High
quality late 19th century pocket compass of French
manufacture. This “diptych” (2 part)
compass has a wooden body with hinged wooden lid. The
silvered brass compass dial is marked with the cardinal and
intercardinal points of the compass rose showing degrees
marked in twenties from 0 - 340 in two degree
increments. At the West point it is signed “Made
In France.” A small arrow at the 348 degree mark
indicates the magnetic variation in France at that time.
The fine compass needle is supported on a brass pivot
with an agate cap enclosed under a glass cover held with a
brass retaining ring. Cleverly, this hand-held compass
hinges closed with a built-in caging device which locks the
needle in place when not in use. Two small brass hooks
secure closure. 3 by 3 by 1 inches. Absolutely
pristine original condition.
One of the finest, if not THE finest of its type we have
ever seen!
295
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9.51 QUACK MEDICAL DEVICE.
Pre-Civil War American electro-mechanical device stamped on
the brass frame “MANUFACTURED BY W. H. BURNAPP.
LOWELL. MASS, PATENTED AUGUST 1, 1854.”
This unique device features a brass gear train connected to
an ivory-handled crank on the motive end. A braided
belt coveys power to the working end which is of a rotating
armature consisting of two opposed coils covered in red
felt, mounted in free turning bearings. On one end of
the armature is a large horseshoe magnet. Turning the
armatures at high rpm’s in proximity to the magnet
induces a current to flow between the electrodes on both
ends of the box. A shunt attached to a small brass
knob is astride the poles of the magnet to cleverly regulate
the current. The lovely solid wooden box is fashioned
of curly maple with brass corners, a shield key escutcheon
and the original brass box lock. The inside of the lid
bears the very interesting full length label boldly
proclaiming “DAVIS & KIDDER’S PATENT
MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINE FOR NERVOUS DISEASES.”
This device was marketed by “Schieffen Bro’s
& Co. New York.” The bottom of the label
reads “Manufactured and sold by W. H. Burnapp, Lowell,
Mass., whose signature is attached to all genuine Machines…”
The label is indeed signed in ink by “W. H. Burnapp”
himself! The Directions read (in
part) “Connect two metallic cords or wires with the
Sockets in the ends of the Box, and apply the handles
connected with the other ends of the metallic cords or wires
to any part of the person it is desired to pass the current
of Electricity. Then turn the Crank, regulating the
strength of the current by the speed, and by the Knob at the
end of the Box;” This wonderful example of early
American technology, while questionable in its efficacy, is
nothing less than state-of-the art for its time, when the
use of electricity was in its infancy. Complete with
both handles and cords. Excellent original condition
and shockingly functional!
649
Samuel Morse is generally credited with producing the
first electrical telegraph transmission in 1844, just 10
years before Burnapp’ invention. And Burnapp’s
patent precededGraham’s telephone by 22 years and
Edison’s incandescent electric light by 25 years!
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9.11 HYDROMETER. Outstanding
mid-19th century English specific gravity testing set.
This highly precise scientific instrument consists of a gold
plated brass float with a double sided scale marked in
percent from 0 -10 divided by 2/10th increments. On
the opposite end is a tear-shaped brass counterweight.
The side of the scale is beautifully engraved “LOFTUS
London” and “13883 SIKES | P 51?.”
The weighted end is additionally stamped “13883.”
The float is complete with all brass attachments which
consist of 9 slotted disc weights marked “10 –
90,” each serial numbered “13883.”
These are designed to attach around the counterweight strut.
There is also a single rectangular slotted weight
which fits on top of the scale. Included in this set
is the original mercury thermometer with ivory scale
calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit from 16 – 104?.
The scale is signed “LOFTUS London” and is
etched with the serial number “13883” on the
reverse. All components fit neatly in the original
satin-lined mahogany box with splined construction.
The hinged lid has two brass hook on post closures. It
is decoratively inlaid with holly stringing and bears an
inset ivory plaque reading “SIKES HYDROMETER LOFTUS 6
BEAUFOY TERRACE LONDON.” Totally complete and in
extra fine condition throughout. This is the nicest
such instrument of the several we have offered in our 35
years.
795
Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a liquid
to an equal volume of pure water at an equal temperature.
Hydrometers were used to test specific gravity,
important in the brewing and distilling industry to
determine alcohol content. They were also used by
boiler tenders to determine the purity of the water in steam
plants aboard ships and in industry. As an example,
with the 90 and 10 (100%) weights attached the float reads “0”
when suspended in pure water. Any denser liquid would
require more weights – a lighter liquid, fewer
weights. The specific gravity reading is the sum of
the weights added to the liquid level indicated on the
scale.
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9.54 DRAFTING SET. Large cased
mechanical drawing set as used by the ship's navigator or a
professional draftsman. This impressive 19th century set
features a variety of drawing implements with
interchangeable components. Functions include use as a
compass, beam compass, straight line and parallel drawing,
and dividers. Pen nibs and pencil holders allow for drawing
in either pen or ink. Included in the set are the original
ivory sector, for making logarithmic calculations, ivory
parallel rules, and two ivory pens. Filling out the set are
a box of leads, eraser and multi-purpose tool for sharpening
and filing leads and adjusting the instruments. This is a
very high grade, precision set, which appears to be all
original. The finely fashioned instruments are of brass with
steel components. Many are signed with the original owner's
initials ""JMC." All are in excellent condition with the
exception of the small compass which has become detached
from its knurled handle. Each component fits neatly into its
velvet lined slot in the form fitted liftoff tray. Removing
the tray reveals another compartment within the fine rich
mahogany case. This is devoid of contents, which were likely
a larger set of parallel rules and a protractor.
Nevertheless this is a large handsome set which would
display beautifully on the executive desk. 14 1/2 inches
wide and 5 1/2 inches deep.
895
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9.06 THEOBALD’s PROBES. Unusual
set of 19th century American eye doctor’s instruments.
This complete set of 8 probes was precisely manufactured of
nickel-plated brass. Atop each probe is attached a small
double leaf-shaped plaque stamped with two numbers. The
numbers indicate the diameter of the probe on each end,
ranging in size from the smallest, “1” through
the largest, “16.” The set is housed in it
original leather-covered hinged wooden case with blue satin
lining. A small sliding lock is provided on the front for
positive closure. The top of the case is embossed in gold “Set
of Theobald’s Probes. The case measures 6 inches long
by 3 3/8 inches wide and is 1 inch thick. The exterior
leather evidences wear and some minor losses. The interior
and contents are perfect. A rare, complete set of early
doctor’s tools.
149
In a publication dated 1888, “New Eye Instruments,”
J.O. Tansley discusses lachrymal canal or “tear duct”
practice at the time, stating that it was “To dilate
the canal as much as possible without traumatism.”
Samuel Theobald was born in 1846. He began his Baltimore,
Maryland medical practice in 1871. Before his appointment at
Johns Hopkins, Dr. Theobald was one of the founders of the
Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Charity Hospital in 1882. In
1889 he founded the Opthamology Department at John’s
Hopkins Hospital. In addition to teaching at the medical
school and working in the dispensary, he was known for the
development of “Theobald lachrymal probes,” the
introduction of boric acid as an effective eye wash, and his
book, Prevalent Diseases of the Eye. He was a member of the
American Ophthalmological Society for 50 years and served as
its 14th President.
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9.03 ARMILLARY SPHERE. Rare early
19th century model of the solar system made by the famous French
globe maker Delamarche as printed on the terrestrial globe in the
center. This planetary model is based on the Ptolemaic system
devised by early Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus (A.D. 90 –
128) in which he envisioned the solar system as a set of nested
spheres. Ptolemy’s model depicted the Earth at the center
of the solar system, whereas the later (and correct) Copernican
system was sun-centered. This exceptional example features a
pewter equatorial ring engraved in single degrees, 0 –
360. It is supported on a cast iron strut which also houses the
brass Meridian ring divided into quadrants of 90 degrees each.
As mounted, the Meridian ring is free to revolve and thus indicates
the sun’s declination at any time of the year. The broad
diagonal paper ring is beautifully engraved with the signs of the
Zodiac. The remaining horizontal rings indicate the north and
south tropics and the equator. This especially fine model is in
a marvelous state of preservation, considering the fact that it
is over 200 years old! Museum Quality.
The first maker to produce globes in France for use by the
general public was Charles-Francois Delamarche (1740-1817).
Delamarche’s workshop was on Rue du Foin, St. Jacques au
College Me. Gervais’, Quartier Latin. Subsequently his
addresses were Rue du Jardinet, then No. 7 Rue du Battour, all
Paris. Likely this sphere is the work of his son and successor,
Felix.
The term Armillary sphere comes from the Latin
armilla meaning hoop or bracelet. The earth is
shown as a small globe in the center of the sphere which is formed by
2 rings at right angles. The tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
(representing the sun’s maximum North and South declinations
from the Equator) and the Arctic and Antarctic circles are
represented by narrower rings. A broad ring crossing the tropic
rings represents the ecliptic or path of the sun. The
sphere is mounted within a Meridain ring set into the Equatorial
ring. Practical use of the Armillary sphere as a solar system
teaching aid was superseded by the Orrery in the early 18th
century. (A. Major, Maritime Antiques, 1981, Tantivy
Press, London).
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TOPE TAIL
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SIGNATURE
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REVERSE
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POLE DETAIL
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PERSPECTIVE
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GLOBE INSIDE
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9.02 POCKET SUN DIAL. Rare,
incredibly old sun dial made entirely of ivorywith pewter plates and
brass fittings. This amazing relic is of French originand
represents what is known as a “Dieppe Magnetic Azimuth or
Bloud-type dial.” It is attributed to the early Parisian
dial maker Jacques Senecal and datescirca 1660! It is of the
diptych type, meaning it has two leaves or tablets,
hinged in the middle. The outside top of the upper leaf is
equipped with a pewter equinoctial dial for telling time by means of
a pin gnomon. The inner side is fitted with a lunar volvelle,
allowing it to be used to determine the time at night when the moon
was visible. The main part of the dial occupies the lower leaf
of the diptych. A recessed bowl accommodates a delicate
magnetic needle suspended on a pyramidal brass pivot. Cleverly,
this dial actually represents a form of mechanical computer.
The underside of the leaf holds a rotating disc engraved with the
months and days of the year. It is connected to the interior
hour scale below the compass needle which acts as the gnomon.
Rotating the outer disc to the corresponding day moves the hour scale
within setting it to the proper “altitude” for the time
of year. A typical horizontal dial with string gnomon is also
provided, with the hours engraved in the ivory around the periphery
of the compass rose. In the bottom plate of the dial there is a
finely-engraved paper card, the outer edge of which is marked in
degrees by tens in four quadrants. Within is an 8-pointed star
with a fleur-de-lis at the North point. The other star points
are marked with the latitudes of important European cities such as “Paris,
Venise, Rheims, Roma, Londre,” etc. It is alsoequipped
with a clever pivoting brass “stay” which holds the lid
open, fitting neatly into a recessed slot when not in use. This
lovely instrument is profusely engraved with decorative pinwheel
elements on the periphery of each of its tablets, inside and
out. There are two very early pewter repairs in the lid
to stabilize an age crack, and the very tip of one of the tiny brass
hooks is off. Otherwise this 350 year old instrument is in
amazing condition for its age. A museum piece!
Literature: Hester Higton, “Sundials, An Illustrated
History,” 2001, PhilipWilson Publishers, Ltd., London.
Page 89 depicts a very similardial described as, “Dieppe
magnetic azimuth dial by Jacques Senecal, c. 1660. The inside
of this dial has a lunar vovelle in the upper leaf and the main
dialset into the lower one. Collection of the National Maritime
Museum, London.”
This sun dial represents the oldest antique we have ever offered
in our 35 yearsin business.
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CALENDAR
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COMPASS
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LUNAR VOLVELLE
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OUTER DIAL
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9.73 EARLY SURGICAL TOOL. Very rare early
19th century surgeon's tool used for the removal of a patient's
tonsils. This "Tonsil Guillotine" as it was known, consists of a
fearsome sharp probe and two stationary steel orifices connected to a
brass shaft terminating in a cross hatched ivory handle. Pulling the
handle engages a sliding blade, the guillotine, which in theory would
have sliced off the hapless patient's tonsil once engaged by the
probe and held by the orifices! Clever in its construction, this no
less gruesome device bears decorative elements in its construction
reminiscent of instruments from the Queen Ann period. It measures 10
inches long and is in excellent original functioning condition. Both
the steel and brass components bear deep patination with surface
oxidation, but no rust or corrosion. The ivory handle is sound with
only minor staining (blood?). A very rare early surgical tool of
museum quality.
895
Elizabeth Bennion in "Antique Medical Instruments," 1979, Sotheby
Parke Bernet, London, pictures and describes a similar device with
finger pieces on page 108. The photograph is captioned, "Tonsil
guillotine, c. 1860, Museum of Historical Medicine, Copenhagen." The
text, in part, reads, "Guillotines and forceps were listed in the
catalogues from the early nineteenth century and were in two sizes,
for adults and children. Tonsil-guillotines are easily recognisable
by means of the two parallel sliding rings, one with cutting edge...
Unlike many other instruments, the earlier examples tend to be
lighter while those of a later date become complicated and cumbersome
with elaborate finger pieces. Cased sets with various spare
attachments were made c. 1860, but simple steel and brass guillotines
have survived from at least ten years earlier." It is our belief that
the example here is much earlier than 1850
and thus may in fact represent a prototype!
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HANDLE
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SHAFT DETAIL
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9.96 ANTIQUE SAND TIMER. Authentic
late 19th century “hour glass” of French
manufacture. This classic old time keeper is constructed of
maple or similar hardwood. Two decoratively-turned end discs
are supported by 3 graceful wooden columns enclosing the glass
within. The single glass comprising 2 bulbs is hand-blown and
exhibits bubbles and striations indicative of early
manufacture. Also telling of the timer’s age is the small
fabric “plug” fixed with sealing wax on one
end. This end bears the stamped mark “FRANCE”
in the wood. Interestingly, the timer runs for 15 minutes in
one direction, yet slightly more than 20 minutes in the other!
While uncertain of its application, we can certainly attest to its
beauty, functionality and age. A lovely example with a nice age
patina, over 100 years old.
395
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MARK
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TOP
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9.74 EARLY SIGNED SUN DIAL. Original
late 18th century garden sun dial of English origin. This all brass
dial is entirely hand-engraved bearing the maker's signature "J.
Bryant Fecit" engraved in fancy script, along with the inscription
"Fugit Lord" on a furled banner. The large ornate gnomon overlays a
charming effigy of the sun radiating outward, around which are
recurring wheat head designs typical of 1700's decoration on such
instruments. The left side of the dial is engraved with the morning
hours beginning with 4 A.M. in 15 minute intervals to 12 noon. The
right side of the dial continues with the afternoon and evening hours
up to 8 P.M. This early sun dial is in an outstanding state of
original preservation with deep crisp engraving and a very rich, dark
statuary bronze age patina. It measures 8 inches in diameter and the
gnomon stands 5 inches tall.
849
Gloria Clifton in "Dictionary of British
Scientific Instrument Makers 1550-1851" lists Bryant at the Parish of
St. Olave, Southwark, London in 1790 as an "Hour Glass
Maker."
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PERSPECTIVE
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9.41 SURGEON'S KIT. Mid-19th century
American field surgeon's kit with the maker's label in the lid
reading "Chas. W. Kolbe 15 S. Ninth St., Phila, PA." This amputation
kit is housed in its original "tiger stripe" mahogany case with brass
binding bearing the engraved oval presentation plaque reading
"Presented to Dr. J.E. HANNA by his Bro. C.E. HANNA." Within are
contained the fearsome state-of-the-art tools of the medical trade as
known in the mid-1800's. They consist of 4 razor sharp knives and one
probing hook, all with their original ebony handles. A tourniquet is
provided along with a compartment for holding the needles and thread
used in suturing. A removable panel in the lid reveals the remaining
instruments which include a small bone saw, bone snips, and an artery
clamp. The latter of which is fitted with a locking device in the
form of a fish! A space also is provided for a large amputation saw,
which is absent. This set measures 15 1/2 inches long and 5 inches
wide. Save for the one missing component, it is otherwise in simply
outstanding condition. A very rare and highly sought after example of
an American doctor's field amputation kit of the type used during the
Civil War. 2800
The "Directory of American Tool Makers"
shows an entry for a "Kolbe & Son, D.W." of Philadelphia, makers
of Medical Tools, 1879. Presumably the initials "D. W." are those of
the younger Kolbe, confirming that this set by the elder Kolbe
predates 1879.
9.90 CIRCUMFERENTOR. Rare, first
quarter18th C. English circumferentor, complete in all respects with
its original, rarely-found wooden case! This early form surveyor's
instrument also known as Digge's theodolite or "Holland circle" bears
a decoratively-engraved central compass, using "wheathead" motifs
typical of 17th and early 18th century English design. The silvered
dial is marked with cardinal points and intercardinal points of the
compass, in English, and is divided to single degrees around its
periphery. The compass is flanked by 2 sighting vanes which revolve
with it on a second full circle. One of the vanes has a vernier scale
which allows for a reading down to one minute of arc. The outer
circle bears a hand-engraved scale divided to single degrees and a
second set of sighting vanes. The instrument is supported atop its
original ball and socket joint which would mount atop a "Jacob's
staff" for use. Each vane is detachable, attaching with a close
tolerance "dovetail." The ball and socket support attaches to the
instrument with a simple press fit and locking thumb screw. These
features allow the whole instrument to disassemble and fit neatly
within its wooden carrying case with lock. The entire presentation is
in outstanding original condition. The instrument itself measures 6
inches in diameter and stands 8 1/4 inches high. The box is 6 1/4
wide by 6 1/2 inches deep and is 2 1/2 inches thick. This is a true
museum piece, circa 1730 or earlier. 
Thomas Digges (1546-1595) was an English
astronomer and mathematician who wrote about and produced both
navigational and surveying instruments. He devised a cross staff with
a transversal scale which was the forerunner of the scale used on
early Hadley quadrants. (J.A. Bennett, "The Divided Circle," 1987,
Christie's Ltd., Oxford).
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PERSPECTIVE
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DIAL
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VERNIER
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IN BOX
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BOX
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PLATE
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9.66 REFERENCE BOOK. Gerard L'E.
Turner, "Collecting Microscopes," Christie's International Collectors
Series, 1981, Mayflower Books, New York, 120 pages, hard cover with
dust jacket and protective cover. Here is what is widely regarded as
"THE" indispensable first reference for antiquarian microscope
enthusiasts. Long out of print, this comprehensive reference is fully
illustrated in color with chapters on optics, microscope construction
and operation, the simple microscope, tripod and drum, the side
pillar microscope, microscopes in Victorian England, 19th C.
continental microscopes, the projection microscope, microscope
accessories and practical hints for the collector. Also contained are
appendices on museums and other collections, a price guide and
bibliography. As new condition.
59
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PLATE
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3.57 THERMOMETER. Lovely late 19th
century wall hanging thermometer with a milk glass scale. This
functional instrument reads in degrees Fahrenheit with a large, bold
scale hand painted onto the milk glass which is
bordered by a clear beveled edge. The graduations are in two degree
increments from -28 to 120. The huge bulb is filled with blue alcohol
making the entire presentation very colorful and at the same time
easy to read. The scale measures nearly one foot tall and 2 1/2
inches wide and is complete with its original small brass suspension
loop at the top. 199
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